Law & Justice
Canadian Legal System
Understanding your legal rights and responsibilities is essential for settling in Canada. Learn about the legal system, your rights, and where to find free legal help.
Common Law
Legal System
Since 1982
Charter
Available
Legal Aid
Dial 911
Police
Rights & Freedoms
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees fundamental freedoms
Freedom of expression, religion, peaceful assembly, and association
Right to life, liberty, and security of the person
Equality rights — protection from discrimination based on race, gender, disability, etc.
Legal rights upon arrest or detention — right to a lawyer, right to remain silent
Multiculturalism is protected by law — Canada is officially multicultural
Legal System & Courts
Canada has a common law system (except Quebec which uses civil law)
Courts: Provincial Courts → Superior Courts → Courts of Appeal → Supreme Court of Canada
Police services: RCMP (federal), OPP/QPP (provincial), and municipal police forces
If you are arrested, you have the right to speak to a lawyer without delay
Legal aid is available for low-income individuals for serious legal matters
Free legal clinics in many communities provide advice on housing, immigration, and family law
Key Areas of Law
Family law: divorce, child custody, child support, and spousal support
Tenant law: residential tenancy acts protect renters in every province
Employment law: minimum wage, overtime, vacation pay, and workplace safety
Immigration law: tips on maintaining PR status, citizenship applications
Consumer rights: protection against fraud, unfair contracts, and defective products
Human rights: complaints can be filed with provincial human rights tribunals
In Canada, everyone is entitled to legal representation. If you cannot afford a lawyer, legal aid is available for criminal and some civil matters. Free settlement workers and community legal clinics can help with immigration, housing, and employment legal questions. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects everyone in Canada, including permanent residents and temporary residents.